ကဲ Tense ကိုနားမလည္ဘူးဆိုတဲ့သူေတြအတြက္-
Tense(part-1)
Tense
=====
Tense ဆိုတာျဖစ္ရပ္တစ္ခုျဖစ္ပြားတဲ့အခ်ိန္ကိုျပတဲ့ verb တစ္ခုရဲ႕ပံုစံအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကိုေခၚတာပါ။
Any of the forms of a verb which show the time at which an action happened (Cambridge Dictionary)
အဂၤလိပ္စာမွာ တကယ္ေတာ့ tense ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးပဲရွိပါတယ္။ past tense နဲ႔ present tense ပါ။verb ေတြရဲ႕အေျခခံပံုစံက လက္႐ွိကာလ(present) ကိုျပၿပီး အတိတ္ကာလ (past) ကိုျပတဲ့သီးျခားပံုစံတစ္မ်ိဳးကိုေျပာင္းလဲႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ auxiliary verb ေတြနဲ႔ verb participle ေတြကိုသံုးၿပီး present နဲ႔ past ရဲ႕႐ုွေထာင့္အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး(ျဖစ္ရပ္တစ္ခုကအအဆက္မျပတ္ျဖစ္ပြားေနတာလား၊ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့တာလား။ဒါမွမဟုတ္ အတိတ္ကာလအေစာပိုင္းမွားျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့တာလား)ကိုေဖာ္ျပႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ဒါေပမယ့္ verb ေတြမွာ အနာဂတ္ကာလကိုေဖာ္ျပႏိုင္တဲ့ သီးျခားေျပာင္းလဲမုွမ်ိဳးမ႐ွိပါဘူး။ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ အဂၤလိပ္စာကို future tense ႐ွိတယ္လို႔သတ္မွတ္မထားလို႔ပါ။ဒါေပမယ့္လဲအနာဂတ္ကာလကိုေဖာ္ၿပႏိုင္တဲ့တည္ေဆာက္ပံုအနည္းငယ္ေတာ့႐ွိပါတယ္။ဒီလိုတည္ေဆာက္ပံုအမ်ားစုကို will ,be going to နဲ႔စေရးပါတယ္။tense ေတြကိုက္ညီဖို႔အတြက္ ဒီလိုတည္ေဆာက္ပံုမ်ဳိးေတြကို future tense အေနနဲ႔သတ္မွတ္ပါတယ္။
There are technically only two grammatical tenses in English:the past and the present.Verbs in their basic form inherently describe the present time,and they can be conjugated into a unique form that describes the past.We can then use auxiliary verbs and verb participles to create different aspects of the past and present tenses,which describe if an action is or was continuous,or if it began at an earlier point in the past.However,verbs do not have a specific conjugated form to reflect the future,and,for this reason,English is considered not to have a true future tense.Nevertheless,although English has no future tense in the strict sense,we commonly refer to several structures that are used for future meaning as belonging to the future tense.The most common of these structures begin with will or be going to.For the sake of consistency,we will be referring to such constructions as the future tense.
ကဲ simple present tense ကိုသြားရေအာင္.
Ok,now,let see the simple present tense😊
Simple present tense
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Simple present tense(present simple tense လို႔လဲေခၚပါတယ္)ဆိုတာ present tense ပံုစံေတြထဲက ပံုစံတစ္ခုပါ။simple present tense (simple=႐ိုး႐ိုး)လို႔ဘာလို႔ေခၚတာလဲဆိုေတာ့ သူ႔ရဲ႕အေျခခံပံုစံက စကားလံုးတစ္လံုးထဲပါဝင္လို႔ပါ။auxiliary verb(အကူႀကိယာ)ေတြ ထည့္စရာမလိုပါဘူး။
The simple present tense is one of the several form of present tense in English.It is called the present simple tense because its basic form consists of one word only-that is,it does not require an auxiliary verb to achieve its meaning.
simple present tense က verb အမ်ားစုဟာ infinitive verb ေတြနဲ႔ပံုစံတူပါတယ္။ဒါေပမယ့္ third person အနည္းကိန္းဆိုရင္ေတာ့ s (သို႔) es ေပါင္းထည့္ေပးရပါတယ္။
Most verbs in the present simple tense are in the same form as the infinitive verb.However,if it is in the third person singular form,then it usually takes the ending s (or) es.
simple present tense ကိုဒါေတြအတြက္သံုးပါတယ္။
The simple present tense is used:
==============================
Present simple tense ကို အနာဂတ္ကာလမွာေသခ်ာေပါက္ျဖစ္မယ့္ ျဖစ္ရပ္ေတြမွာလဲသံုးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ဥပမာဆိုရင္
"The train leaves at 7 PM."
Present simple tense can also be used for future events that are fixed to happen.For example-
"The train leaves at 7 PM".
zero conditional လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ညအျမဲတမ္းအမွန္တရားမ်ားမွာလဲ simple present tense ကိုသံုးပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
"If you drop an egg,it breaks."
We also use the present simple with the zero conditional,which means something is always true.For example-
"If you drop an egg,it breaks."
simple present tense ကို ဝါသနာအေလ့အက်င့္ေတြ၊မေျပာင္းလဲတဲ့အေျခအေနေတြ၊ေယဘုယ်အမွန္တရားေတြ၊ပံုေသသတ္မွတ္ထားတဲ့ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ေတြကိုေဖာ္ျပရာမွာသံုးပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
I smoke.(ဝါသနာအေလ့အက်င့္)
I work in Yangon.(မေျပာင္းလဲတဲ့အေျခအေန)
Yangon is a large city.(ေယဘုယ်အမွန္တရား)
It is used to describe habits,unchanging situations,general truths,and fixed arrangements.For example-
I smoke.(habit)
I work in Yangon.(unchanging situation)
Yangon is a large city.(general truth)
သတိထားရမွာတစ္ခ်က္က simple present tense ကိုလက္႐ွိျဖစ္ပြားေနတဲ့ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ိဳးေတြမွာမသံုးပါဘူး။မွားတတ္ၾကလို႔ပါ။
Be careful!The simple present is not used to express actions happening now.
simple present tense ပံုစံေတြကိုေလ့လာၾကည့္ပါ။
Forming the simple present tense
============================
Affirmative
--------------
I think , You think , He think , She think , It think ,
We think , They think.
Interrogative
-----------------
Do I think? , Do you think? , Does he think? ,
Does she think? , Does it think? , Do we think? ,
Do they think?
Negative
------------
I do not think , You do not think , He does not think ,
She does not think , It does not think , We do not think ,
They do not think .
Third person singular အတြက္မွတ္စရာကေတာ့-
Notes on the simple present,third person singular-
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
third person singular ဆိုရင္ s ေပါင္းထည့္ရပါတယ္။ဥပမာ
He wants,She needs,He gives,She thinks.
အျငင္းနဲ႔ေမးခြန္းပံုစံေတြမွာဆိုရင္ does ကိုသံုးရပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
He wants ice cream.
Does he want ice cream?
He does not want ice cream.
Y နဲ႔ဆံုးတဲ့ verb ေတြဆိုရင္ y ေနရာမွာ ies ေပါင္းပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
Fly - Flies , cry - cries
y ေ႐ွ႕မွာသရတစ္လံုး႐ွိရင္ s ပဲေပါင္းပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
play - plays , pray - prays
ss , x , sh , ch နဲ႔ဆံုးရင္ es ေပါင္းရပါတယ္။ဥပမာ-
pass - passes , catch - catches ,
fix - fixes , puch - puches
In the third person singular,the verb always ends in -s.For example-
He wants,She needs,He gives,She thinks.
Negative and question forms,use "Does".For example-
He wants ice cream.
Does he want ice cream?
He does not want ice cream.
Verbs ending in -y:changes the -y to -ies.For example-
Fly - Flies , cry - cries
Exception : if there is a vowel before the -y. For example-
play - plays , pray - prays
Add -es to verbs ending in -ss,-x,-sh,-ch.For example-
pass - passes , catch - catches ,
fix - fixes , puch - puches
နားမလည္ရင္ေမးပါ😊
You can ask if you don't understand😊
#KT
No comments:
Post a Comment